Controle biológico de pragas em armazenamento: uma alternativa para reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil?
Palavras-chave:
Alimentos. Armazenamento.Pragas. Controle biológico. Parasitóides. Predadores. Patógenos.Resumo
Esse trabalho descreve o uso do controle biológico contra pragas de grãos armazenados e apresenta
os principais inimigos naturais observados no ambiente de armazenamento. Em todo o mundo tem-se reconhecido a importância dos inimigos naturais como controladores das populações de pragas em grãos armazenados. Estudos pré-introdutórios têm permitido o conhecimento das principais características biológicas,
compatibilidade com outros métodos de controle e dinâmica populacional. No entanto, existem poucos relatos
de técnicas econômicas para criação massal, armazenamento, transporte e liberação da maioria desses agentes.
Assim, não existem tecnologias de uso dos inimigos naturais, o que, atualmente, não permite considerá-los
como uma estratégia do manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) do armazenamento.
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Referências
ALTIERI, M.A.; SILVA E.N.; NICHOLLS, C.I. O papel da biodiversidade no manejo de pragas. Ribeirão
Preto: Holos. 2003. 226p.
ARBOGAST, R.T. Biological control of stored-product insects: status and prospects. In: BAUR, F.J. (ed.),
Insect management for food storage and processing. St.
Paul, American Association of Cereal Chemists, p.
225-238, 1984.
BROWER, J.H. Pests of stored products. In: HABECK,
D.H., BENNETT, F.D., FRANK, J.H (eds.). Classical biological control in the southern United States.
Southern Coop. Series Bull, Gainesville, v. 55, p.113-
122, 1990.
BROWER, J.H. et al. Biological control. In: SUBRAMANYAM, B.; HAGSTRUM, D.W. (Eds.). Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products.
Marcel Dekker, inc., p. 223-286, 1996.
BRUCE, W.A.; LECATO, G.L. Pyemotes tritici: Potential biological control agent of stored product insects. Recent Advances in Acarology, v. 1, n. 1, p. 213-
220. 1979.
BRUCE, W.A.; LECATO G.L. Pyemotes tritici: A
potential new agent for biological control of the red
imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Acari: Pyemotidae). International Journal of Acarology, v. 6, n. 4,
p. 271-274, 1980.
CARLSON, R.W. Family Icheumonidae. In:
KROMBEIN, K.V.; HURD, P.D.Jr.; SMITH, D.R.;
BURKS, D.B. (ed.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in América north of México Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., p.315-740, 1979.
CARVALHO, R.P.L.; ROSSETTO, C.J. Biologia
de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera:
Bruchidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, v. 13,
n. 1, p. 105-117, 1968.
CROSS, E.A.; KRANTZ, G.W. Two new especies
of the genus Acarophenax (Newstead and Duvall,
1918). Acarologia, v. 6, p. 287-295, 1964.
DA CUNHA, U.S. et al. Ocorrência do ácaro Pyemotes sp. (Acari: Pyemotidae) em criações de insetos
em laboratório. Neotropical Entomology, v. 35, n. 4, p.
563-565, 2006.
FARONI, L.R.A.; GUEDES, R.N.C.; MATIOLI, A.L.
Potential of Acarophenax lacunatus (Prostigmata:
Acarophenacidae) as a biological control agent of
Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).
Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 36, n. 1, p. 55-
63, 2000.
FARONI, L.R.A.; GUEDES, R.N.C.; MATIOLI, A.L.
Effect of temperature on development and population
growth of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz)
(Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Rhyzopertha
dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Biocontrol
Science and Technology, v. 11, n. 1, p. 5-12, 2001.
FEDDERSEN, I.; SANDER, K.; SCHMIDT, O. Viruslike particles with host protein-like antigenic determinants protect an insect parasitoid from encapsulation. Experientia, v. 42, n. 11-12, p. 1278-1281, 1986.
FLINN, P.W.; HAGSTRUM, D.W. Augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps in stored wheat reduces
insect fragments in flour. Journal of Stored Products
Research, v. 37, n. 2, p. 179-186, 2001.
FLINN, P.W.; HAGSTRUM, D.W.; MCGAUGHEY,
W.H. Suppression of beetles in stored wheat by augmentative releases of parasitic wasps. Environmental
Entomology, v. 25, n. 2, p. 505-511, 1996.
GERSON, U.; FAIN, A.; SMILEY, R.L. Further observations on the Cheyletidae (Acari), with a key to the
genera of the Cheyletinae and a list of all known species in the family. Entomologie, v. 69, p. 35-86, 1999.
GONÇALVES, J.R.; FARONI, L.R.D’A.; GUEDES,
R.N.C. Pyrethroid-Acarophenax lacunatus interaction in suppresing the beetle Rhyzopertha dominica
on stored wheat. Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 26, n. 3-4, p. 231-242, 2002.
GONÇALVES, J.R.; OLIVEIRA, C.R.F.; MATOS,
C.H.C. Potencial de Trichogramma spp. no controle
de pragas de grãos armazenados. Engenharia na Agricultura, v. 11, n. 1-4, p. 65-71, 2003.
GONÇALVES, R.A. et al. Controle de Rhyzopertha
dominica pela atmosfera controlada com co2, em
trigo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 35, n. 1, p.
1-9, 2000.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Parasitismo de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) em ovos
de Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Engenharia na Agricultura, v. 9, n. 4, p. 242-250,
2001.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Insecticide selectivity to
the parasitic mite Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross &
Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).
Neotropical Entomology, v. 33, n. 2, p. 243-248, 2004.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Associação de deltametrina
com Acarophenax lacunatus e seu impacto sobre o
desenvolvimento de Rhyzopertha dominica. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 41, n. 8, p. 1235-1240,
2006.
HOSCHELE, W.; TANIGOSHI, L.K. Pyemotes tritici
(Acari: Pyemotidae), a potential biological control
agent of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 17, n.
11, p. 781-792, 1993.
JOHNSON, J.A.; VALERO, K.A. Use of parasitoids for control of overwintering indianmeal moth
populations in postharvest dried fruits and nuts.
Disponível em: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/mbr/
airc/1998/090johnson.pdf. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2007.
LECATO, G.L. Predation by Xylocoris flavipes [Hem.:
Anthocoridae]: Influence of stage, species and density of prey and of starvation and density of predator.
BioControl, v. 21, n. 2, p. 217-221, 1976.
LOPEZ, J.E.; GALLINOT, L.P.; WADE, M.J. Spread of
parasites in metapopulations: an experimental study
of the effects of host migration rate and local host
population size. Parasitology, v. 130, n. 3, p. 323-332,
2005.
LORINI, I. Pragas de grãos de cereais armazenados.
Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo, 1999. 60p.
MENDOZA, J.P. et al. Effects of Protect-It on efficacy
of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing rice weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat. Environmental Entomology, v.
28, n. 3, p. 529-534, 1999.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F.; FARONI, L.R.D’A.; GUEDES,
R.N.C. Host egg preference by the parasitic mite
Acarophenax lacunatus (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 39, n. 5,
p. 571-575, 2003a.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitism by the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on beetle pests of stored products. Biocontrol, v. 48, n. 5, p. 503-513, 2003b.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitismo de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) sobre Dinoderus minutus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Neotropical Entomology, v.
31, n. 2, p. 245-248, 2002.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Dispersão de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) em trigo armazenado, sob condições
artificiais. Neotropical Entomology, v. 35, n. 4, p. 536-
541, 2006a.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitism of the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on Tribolium castaneum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 41, n. 6, p. 1059-1061,
2006b.
RICHTER J. et al. Impact of Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae) on Prostephanus
truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and
losses in traditional maize stores in southern Togo.
Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 33, n. 2, p. 137-
142, 1997.
ROCHA, S.L. et al. Phoretic load of the parasitic mite
Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) affecting mobility and flight
take-off of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, v.
45, n. 4, p. 267-271, 2009.
SANTOS, J.P. Recomendações para o controle de
pragas de grãos e sementes armazenadas. In: BULL,
L.T.; Cantarella, H. (ed). Cultura do milho: fatores que
afetam a produtividade. Potafós, p. 197-233, 1993.
SCHÖLLER, M.; FLINN, P.W. Parasites and Predators. In: SUBRAMANYAM, B.H.; Hagstrum, D.W.
(eds.), Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored Product
IPM. Integrated Management of Insects in Stored
Products. Norwell, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p.
229-271. 2000.
SCHÖLLER, M.; HASSAN, S.A.; REICHMUTH,
CH. Efficacy assessment of Trichogramma evanescens and Trichogramma embryophagum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), for control of stored
products moth pests in bulk wheat. Entomophaga, v.
41, n. 1, p. 125-132, 1996.
SIMBERLOFF, D.; STILING, P. How risk is biologic
control? Ecology, v. 77, p. 1965-1974, 1996.
SOARES, M.A. et al. Flight capacity, parasitism and
emergence of five Trichogramma (Hymenoptera:
Trichogrammatidae) species from forest areas in
Brazil. Phytoparasitica, v. 35, n. 3, p. 314–318, 2007.
TOEWS, M.D.; SUBRAMANYAM, B. Survival of
stored-product insect natural enemies in spinosadtreated wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, v.
97, n. 3, p. 1174-1180. 2004.
YU, S.H. et al. Effect of host density on egg dispersion
and the sexratio of progeny of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Stored Products
Research, v. 39, n. 4, p. 385–393, 2003.
ZDÁRKOVÁ, E.; LUKAS, J.; HORÁK, P. Compatibility of Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Acari: Cheyletidae) and Cephalonomia tarsalis
(Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in biological control of storedgrain pests. Plante Protection Science, v. 39, n. 1, p.
29-34, 2003.
Preto: Holos. 2003. 226p.
ARBOGAST, R.T. Biological control of stored-product insects: status and prospects. In: BAUR, F.J. (ed.),
Insect management for food storage and processing. St.
Paul, American Association of Cereal Chemists, p.
225-238, 1984.
BROWER, J.H. Pests of stored products. In: HABECK,
D.H., BENNETT, F.D., FRANK, J.H (eds.). Classical biological control in the southern United States.
Southern Coop. Series Bull, Gainesville, v. 55, p.113-
122, 1990.
BROWER, J.H. et al. Biological control. In: SUBRAMANYAM, B.; HAGSTRUM, D.W. (Eds.). Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products.
Marcel Dekker, inc., p. 223-286, 1996.
BRUCE, W.A.; LECATO, G.L. Pyemotes tritici: Potential biological control agent of stored product insects. Recent Advances in Acarology, v. 1, n. 1, p. 213-
220. 1979.
BRUCE, W.A.; LECATO G.L. Pyemotes tritici: A
potential new agent for biological control of the red
imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Acari: Pyemotidae). International Journal of Acarology, v. 6, n. 4,
p. 271-274, 1980.
CARLSON, R.W. Family Icheumonidae. In:
KROMBEIN, K.V.; HURD, P.D.Jr.; SMITH, D.R.;
BURKS, D.B. (ed.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in América north of México Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., p.315-740, 1979.
CARVALHO, R.P.L.; ROSSETTO, C.J. Biologia
de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera:
Bruchidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, v. 13,
n. 1, p. 105-117, 1968.
CROSS, E.A.; KRANTZ, G.W. Two new especies
of the genus Acarophenax (Newstead and Duvall,
1918). Acarologia, v. 6, p. 287-295, 1964.
DA CUNHA, U.S. et al. Ocorrência do ácaro Pyemotes sp. (Acari: Pyemotidae) em criações de insetos
em laboratório. Neotropical Entomology, v. 35, n. 4, p.
563-565, 2006.
FARONI, L.R.A.; GUEDES, R.N.C.; MATIOLI, A.L.
Potential of Acarophenax lacunatus (Prostigmata:
Acarophenacidae) as a biological control agent of
Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).
Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 36, n. 1, p. 55-
63, 2000.
FARONI, L.R.A.; GUEDES, R.N.C.; MATIOLI, A.L.
Effect of temperature on development and population
growth of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz)
(Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Rhyzopertha
dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Biocontrol
Science and Technology, v. 11, n. 1, p. 5-12, 2001.
FEDDERSEN, I.; SANDER, K.; SCHMIDT, O. Viruslike particles with host protein-like antigenic determinants protect an insect parasitoid from encapsulation. Experientia, v. 42, n. 11-12, p. 1278-1281, 1986.
FLINN, P.W.; HAGSTRUM, D.W. Augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps in stored wheat reduces
insect fragments in flour. Journal of Stored Products
Research, v. 37, n. 2, p. 179-186, 2001.
FLINN, P.W.; HAGSTRUM, D.W.; MCGAUGHEY,
W.H. Suppression of beetles in stored wheat by augmentative releases of parasitic wasps. Environmental
Entomology, v. 25, n. 2, p. 505-511, 1996.
GERSON, U.; FAIN, A.; SMILEY, R.L. Further observations on the Cheyletidae (Acari), with a key to the
genera of the Cheyletinae and a list of all known species in the family. Entomologie, v. 69, p. 35-86, 1999.
GONÇALVES, J.R.; FARONI, L.R.D’A.; GUEDES,
R.N.C. Pyrethroid-Acarophenax lacunatus interaction in suppresing the beetle Rhyzopertha dominica
on stored wheat. Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 26, n. 3-4, p. 231-242, 2002.
GONÇALVES, J.R.; OLIVEIRA, C.R.F.; MATOS,
C.H.C. Potencial de Trichogramma spp. no controle
de pragas de grãos armazenados. Engenharia na Agricultura, v. 11, n. 1-4, p. 65-71, 2003.
GONÇALVES, R.A. et al. Controle de Rhyzopertha
dominica pela atmosfera controlada com co2, em
trigo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 35, n. 1, p.
1-9, 2000.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Parasitismo de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) em ovos
de Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Engenharia na Agricultura, v. 9, n. 4, p. 242-250,
2001.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Insecticide selectivity to
the parasitic mite Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross &
Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) on Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae).
Neotropical Entomology, v. 33, n. 2, p. 243-248, 2004.
GONÇALVES, J.R. et al. Associação de deltametrina
com Acarophenax lacunatus e seu impacto sobre o
desenvolvimento de Rhyzopertha dominica. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 41, n. 8, p. 1235-1240,
2006.
HOSCHELE, W.; TANIGOSHI, L.K. Pyemotes tritici
(Acari: Pyemotidae), a potential biological control
agent of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 17, n.
11, p. 781-792, 1993.
JOHNSON, J.A.; VALERO, K.A. Use of parasitoids for control of overwintering indianmeal moth
populations in postharvest dried fruits and nuts.
Disponível em: http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/mbr/
airc/1998/090johnson.pdf. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2007.
LECATO, G.L. Predation by Xylocoris flavipes [Hem.:
Anthocoridae]: Influence of stage, species and density of prey and of starvation and density of predator.
BioControl, v. 21, n. 2, p. 217-221, 1976.
LOPEZ, J.E.; GALLINOT, L.P.; WADE, M.J. Spread of
parasites in metapopulations: an experimental study
of the effects of host migration rate and local host
population size. Parasitology, v. 130, n. 3, p. 323-332,
2005.
LORINI, I. Pragas de grãos de cereais armazenados.
Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo, 1999. 60p.
MENDOZA, J.P. et al. Effects of Protect-It on efficacy
of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitizing rice weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat. Environmental Entomology, v.
28, n. 3, p. 529-534, 1999.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F.; FARONI, L.R.D’A.; GUEDES,
R.N.C. Host egg preference by the parasitic mite
Acarophenax lacunatus (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 39, n. 5,
p. 571-575, 2003a.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitism by the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on beetle pests of stored products. Biocontrol, v. 48, n. 5, p. 503-513, 2003b.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitismo de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) sobre Dinoderus minutus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Neotropical Entomology, v.
31, n. 2, p. 245-248, 2002.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Dispersão de Acarophenax
lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) em trigo armazenado, sob condições
artificiais. Neotropical Entomology, v. 35, n. 4, p. 536-
541, 2006a.
OLIVEIRA, C.R.F. et al. Parasitism of the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on Tribolium castaneum. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 41, n. 6, p. 1059-1061,
2006b.
RICHTER J. et al. Impact of Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae) on Prostephanus
truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and
losses in traditional maize stores in southern Togo.
Journal of Stored Products Research, v. 33, n. 2, p. 137-
142, 1997.
ROCHA, S.L. et al. Phoretic load of the parasitic mite
Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) affecting mobility and flight
take-off of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, v.
45, n. 4, p. 267-271, 2009.
SANTOS, J.P. Recomendações para o controle de
pragas de grãos e sementes armazenadas. In: BULL,
L.T.; Cantarella, H. (ed). Cultura do milho: fatores que
afetam a produtividade. Potafós, p. 197-233, 1993.
SCHÖLLER, M.; FLINN, P.W. Parasites and Predators. In: SUBRAMANYAM, B.H.; Hagstrum, D.W.
(eds.), Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored Product
IPM. Integrated Management of Insects in Stored
Products. Norwell, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p.
229-271. 2000.
SCHÖLLER, M.; HASSAN, S.A.; REICHMUTH,
CH. Efficacy assessment of Trichogramma evanescens and Trichogramma embryophagum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), for control of stored
products moth pests in bulk wheat. Entomophaga, v.
41, n. 1, p. 125-132, 1996.
SIMBERLOFF, D.; STILING, P. How risk is biologic
control? Ecology, v. 77, p. 1965-1974, 1996.
SOARES, M.A. et al. Flight capacity, parasitism and
emergence of five Trichogramma (Hymenoptera:
Trichogrammatidae) species from forest areas in
Brazil. Phytoparasitica, v. 35, n. 3, p. 314–318, 2007.
TOEWS, M.D.; SUBRAMANYAM, B. Survival of
stored-product insect natural enemies in spinosadtreated wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, v.
97, n. 3, p. 1174-1180. 2004.
YU, S.H. et al. Effect of host density on egg dispersion
and the sexratio of progeny of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Stored Products
Research, v. 39, n. 4, p. 385–393, 2003.
ZDÁRKOVÁ, E.; LUKAS, J.; HORÁK, P. Compatibility of Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Acari: Cheyletidae) and Cephalonomia tarsalis
(Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in biological control of storedgrain pests. Plante Protection Science, v. 39, n. 1, p.
29-34, 2003.
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2020-05-04
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ALVARENGA SOARES, M. .; COLA ZANUNCIO, J. .; LEÃO DEMOLIN LEITE, G. .; REIS, T. C. .; ALMEIDA SILVA, M. . Controle biológico de pragas em armazenamento: uma alternativa para reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil?. Revista Unimontes Científica, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1/2, p. 52–59, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.periodicos.unimontes.br/index.php/unicientifica/article/view/2277. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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