Variação temporal na composição e estrutura da vegetação em formação de Vereda
DOI:
10.46551/ruc.v26n2a15Keywords:
Dinâmica de vegetação, Floresta higrófila, Mortalidade, Recrutamento, DinâmicaAbstract
Objective: To evaluate temporal changes in the composition and structure of the plant community in the different habitats of Almescla vereda (Bonito de Minas, MG) over a five-year period. Methodology: A resampling of the vegetation was carried out in the vereda after five years, using plots of different sizes (different strata) in three zones (hygrophilous forest or open area that included wet and dry environments), including shrub-arboreal individuals. To evaluate structural changes were calculated the basal area, importance value, increment, mortality, recruitment, loss and gain rates, and changes in composition (beta diversity). Results: The results reveal a slight variation in species richness between the habitats of the Almescla vereda, with the hygrophilous forest exhibiting a greater number of shrub-tree species in both sampling periods. There was an increase in the total number of species in 2022 compared to 2017. Tapirira guianensis consistently had the highest importance value, followed by Mauritia flexuosa and Xylopia aromatica. Beta diversity was high, mainly due to species turnover. Vegetation dynamics showed rates of recruitment and gain in basal area higher than rates of mortality and basal loss, indicating continuous species replacement. Some species exhibited specific mortality and recruitment rates throughout the sampled years. Conclusion: These results demonstrate how species replacement and the decrease in the density of tree species in the vereda varied over time, indicating increasing landscape modification.
Keywords: Vegetation dynamics, Hygrophilous forest, Mortality, Recruitment, Temporal
Downloads
References
RIBEIRO, José Felipe; WALTER, Bruno Machado Teles. As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. Cerrado: ecologia e flora, v. 1, p. 151-212, 2008.
ARAÚJO, Glein Monteiro; et al. Composição florística de veredas no Município de Uberlândia, MG. Brazilian Journal of Botany, v. 25, p. 475-493, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84042002012000012.
NUNES, Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes; et al. Florística e fitossociologia das comunidades arbóreas de veredas: um estudo de caso no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. In: EISENLOHR, Pedro Vasconcelos.; et al. (org.). Fitossociologia no Brasil: métodos e estudos de casos. Editora UFV, Viçosa, v. 2, p. 264-287, 2015.
ÁVILA, Marly Antonielle de; et al. Diversity and structure of natural regeneration in swamp forests in southeastern Brazil. Floresta e Ambiente, v. 28, p. e20190110, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-77602013000400012.
BAHIA, T. O.; et al. Veredas na APA do Rio Pandeiros: importância, impactos ambientais e perspectivas. MG-Biota, v. 2, n. 2, p. 4-13, 2009.
AUGUSTIN, Cristina Helena Ribeiro Rocha; DE MELO, Dirce Ribeiro; ARANHA, Paulo Roberto Antunes. Aspectos geomorfológicos de veredas: um ecossistema do bioma do cerrado, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia, v. 10, n. 1, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.20502/rbg.v10i1.123
NEVES, Walter Viana; AUGUSTIN, Cristina Helena Ribeiro Rocha; ARANHA, Paulo Roberto Antunes. Dinâmica hidrogeomorfológica em bacia de drenagem de vereda - MG. Revista Equador (UFPI), 4. Ed. Especial XVI Simpósio Brasileiro de Geografia Física Aplicada, 2015. http://www.ojs.ufpi.br/index.php/equador
NUNES, Yule Roberta Ferreira; et al. Vegetation structure and edaphic factors in veredas reflect different conservation status in these threatened areas. Forest Ecosystems, v. 9, p. 100036, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100036
ARRUDA, Daniel Meira; et al. Landforms and soil attributes determine the vegetation structure in the Brazilian semiarid. Folia Geobotanica, v. 50, p. 175-184, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-015-9221-0.
REIS, Geovany Heitor; et al. Temporal vegetation changes in a seasonally dry tropical forest enclave in an ecotonal region between savanna and semiarid zones of Brazil. Australian Journal of Botany, v. 65, n. 1, p. 85-93, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1071/bt16188
BRANCO, Elvis Ricardo Figueira; et al. Space-time analysis of vegetation trends and drought occurrence in domain area of tropical forest. Journal of environmental management, v. 246, n. 6, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.097
SWAINE, Michael.; LIEBERMAN, Diana; PUTZ, FFrancis. The dynamics of tree populations in tropical forest: a review. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 3, n. 4, p. 359-366, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400002339
BRAGA, Flávio Marcelo Silveira; REZENDE, Alba Valéria. Arboreal vegetation's dynamic in Catetinho s gallery forest, brasília-DF. Cerne, v. 13, n. 2, p. 138-148, 2007.
FELFILI, Jeanine Maria. Diversity, structure and dynamics of a gallery forest in central Brazil. Vegetatio, v. 117, p. 1-15, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033255
SILVA, Leovandes Soares da; et al. Dinâmica de populações arbóreas em fitofisionomias de Cerrado e de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Scientia Forestalis, v. 30, p. 730-742, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509833169.
MCDOWELL, Nate; et al. Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist, v. 178, n. 4, p. 719-739, 2008. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02436.x
ALLEN, Craig; et al. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 259, n. 4, p. 660-684, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001.
MARTINS, Guilherme; et al. Fire patterns in the Brazilian Cerrado: an approach comparing different input datasets in the fire risk modelling. Biodiversidade Brasileira, v. 9, n. 1, p. 202-202, 2019. http://doi.org/doi/10.37002/biobrasil
GOMES, Letícia; et al. Effects and behaviour of experimental fires in grasslands, savannas, and forests of the Brazilian Cerrado. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 458, p. 117804, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117804.
WATKINSON, Andrew. Plant population dynamics. In: CRAWLEY, Michael. Plant ecology. Blackwell, London, p. 359-400, 1997.
SABINO, Shirley Maria Lima; et al. Late Holocene in central Brazil: Vegetation changes and humidity variability in a tropical wetland. Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1028-1039, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3351
SILVA, Leovandes Soares da; et al. Variações na composição florística em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em Curvelo-MG. Nativa, v. 7, n. 1, p. 109-116, 2019.
PASSOS, Fábio Barbosa; et al. Savanna turning into forest: concerted vegetation change at the ecotone between the Amazon and “Cerrado” biomes. Brazilian Journal of Botany, v. 41, p. 611-619, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-018-0470-z
GONÇALVES, Rogério Victor; et al. Changes in the Cerrado vegetation structure: insights from more than three decades of ecological succession. Web Ecology, v. 21, n. 1, p. 55-64, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5194/we-21-55-2021
PRADO-JÚNIOR, Jamir Afonso; et al. Spatio-temporal changes in the structure of the ant, bee, and tree communities in the Brazilian cerrado. Oecologia Australis, v. 24, n. 2, p. 448-460, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2402.15
FONSÊCA, Nathan; et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in a diversity hotspot for the conservation of Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Agricultural Science, v. 11, n. 15, p. 200-208, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n15p200.
RESENDE, Isa Lucia de Morais; CHAVES, Lázaro José; RIZZO, José ngelo. Floristic and phytosociological analysis of palm swamps in the central part of the Brazilian savanna. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 27, p. 205-225, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000100020
BIJOS, Natalia Rodrigues; et al. Plant species composition, richness, and diversity in the palm swamps (veredas) of Central Brazil. Flora, v. 236, p. 94-99, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.10.002.
MOREIRA, Suzana Neves; et al. Flora and vegetation structure of Vereda in southwestern Cerrado. Oecologia Australis, v. 23, n. 4, 2019. http://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2304.06.
BRASIL, Maria Carolina Oliva; et al. Land-cover changes and drivers of palm swamp degradation in southeastern Brazil from 1984 to 2018. Applied Geography, v. 137, n. 2, p. 102604, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102604.
CAREY, Eileen; et al. Tree mortality in mature lowland tropical moist and tropical lower montane moist forests of Venezuela. Biotropica, p. 255-265, 1994. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388846.
ALVARES, Clayton Alcarde; et al. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507.
AZEVEDO, Islaine Franciely Pinheiro; et al. Phenology of riparian tree species in a transitional region in southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany. v. 37, p.47-59, 2014.
VELOSO, Maria das Dores Magalhães, et al. Soil attributes in anthropized hygrophilous forest in Northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, v. 8, p. 311-319, 2018.
MUELLER-DOMBOIS, Dieter; ELLENBERG, Dieter. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley, New York, 1974.
APG - ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 181, n. 1, p. 1-20, 2016.
SHEIL, Douglas; BURSLEM, David; ALDER, Denis. The interpretation and misinterpretation of mortality rate measures. Journal of Ecology, p. 331-333, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2307/2261571
SHEIL, Douglas; JENNINGS, Stephen; SAVILL, Peter. Long-term permanent plot observations of vegetation dynamics in Budongo, a Ugandan rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 16, n. 6, p. 865-882, 2000.
LENNON, Jack; et al. The geographical structure of British bird distributions: diversity, spatial turnover and scale. Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 70, n. 6, p. 966-979, 2001. http://doi.org/doi/10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00563.x
BASELGA, Andrés. Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 19, n. 1, p. 134-143, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00490.x
SOININEN, Janne; HEINO, Jani; WANG, Jianjun. A meta‐analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity across organisms and ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 27, n. 1, p. 96-109, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12660.
OKSANEN, Jari; et al. Package “vegan”: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.6-6.1., 2021. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf
DURIGAN, Giselda; et al. Cerrado wetlands: multiple ecosystems deserving legal protection as a unique and irreplaceable treasure. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, v. 20, n. 3, p. 185-196, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2022.06.002
BARBOSA, Marcus Vinicius Moreira; et al. Spatial variability of the physicochemical properties of soils from seasonally flooded forest fragments on a tropical plain. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, v. 2019, p. 1-8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1814937
BOZELLI, Reinaldo Luiz; et al. Pequenas áreas úmidas: importância para conservação e gestão da biodiversidade brasileira. Biodiversidade e Gestão, v. 2, n. 2, p. 122-138, 2018.
BORGES, Sílvia Laine; et al. Fire management in veredas (palm swamps): new perspectives on traditional farming systems in Jalapão, Brazil. Ambiente & Sociedade, v. 19, p. 269-294, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20150020R1V1932016.
HONDA, Eliane; DURIGAN, Giselda. Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 371, n. 1703, p. 20150313, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0313.
GUARINO, Ernestino de Souza Gomes; WALTER, Bruno Machado Teles. Fitossociologia de dois trechos inundáveis de Matas de Galeria no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 19, p. 431-442, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062005000300003.
NOGUEIRA, Eloisa; et al. Differences in soil properties influence floristic changes in the Veredas of the Brazilian Cerrado. Brazilian Journal of Botany, v. 45, n. 2, p. 763-774, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00795-3.
BOSCH, J. Mv; HEWLETT, J. D. A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrology, v. 55, n. 1-4, p. 3-23, 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(82)90117-2.
HUXMAN, Travis; et al. Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment. Ecology, v. 86, n. 2, p. 308-319, 2005.
LE MAITRE, David; GUSH, Mark; DZIKITI, Sebinasi. Impacts of invading alien plant species on water flows at stand and catchment scales. AoB Plants, v. 7, p. plv043, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/doi/10.1093/aobpla/plv043
ZOU, Chris; et al. Alteration of hydrological processes and streamflow with juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment in a mesic grassland catchment. Hydrological Processes, v. 28, n. 26, p. 6173-6182, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10102
BROWN, Alice E. et al. A review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield resulting from alterations in vegetation. Journal of Hydrology, v. 310, n. 1-4, p. 28-61, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.010
ELTAHIR, Elfatih; BRAS, Rafael. Precipitation recycling. Reviews of Geophysics, v. 34, n. 3, p. 367-378, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1029/96RG01927
PRICE, David; et al. Regeneration in gap models: priority issues for studying forest responses to climate change. Climatic Change, v. 51, p. 475-508, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012579107129
GONZAGA, Anne Priscila Dias; et al. Interações espécie-ambiente no componente regenerante de dois fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Heringeriana, v. 11, n. 1, p. 39–57, 2018., 2018. https://doi.org/10.17648/heringeriana.v11i1.210
FELFILI, Maria Cristina; FELFILI, Jeanine Maria. Diversidade alfa e beta no cerrado sensu strictu da Chapada Pratinha, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 15, p. 243-254, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062001000200010
SILVA JÚNIOR, Manoel Cláudio; et al. Análise da flora arbórea de Matas de Galeria no Distrito Federal: 21 levantamentos. Cerrado: caracterização e recuperação de matas de galeria. Planaltina, Embrapa Cerrados, p. 143-191, 2001.
GONÇALVES, Fábio Guimarães; SANTOS, João Roberto dos. Composição florística e estrutura de uma unidade de manejo florestal sustentável na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará. Acta Amazonica, v. 38, p. 229-244, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672008000200006
GARWOOD, N. C. et al. Ecology of soil seed banks. Tropical soil seeds banks: a review, p. 149-204, 1989.
MARTINI, Adriana Maria Zanforlin; SANTOS, Flavio Antônio Maës dos. Effects of distinct types of disturbance on seed rain in the Atlantic Forest of NE Brazil. Plant Ecology, v. 190, p. 81-95, 2007. http://doi.org/doi/10/1007/s11258-006-9192-6
SCCOTI, Marta Silvana Volpato; et al. Mecanismos de regeneração natural em remanescente de Floresta Estacional Decidual. Ciência Florestal, v. 21, p. 459-472, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050983803
AVILA, ngela Luciana de; et al. Mecanismos de regeneração natural em remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, RS, Brasil. Cerne, v. 19, p. 621-628, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-77602013000400012
