Fatores pós-natais relacionados ao transtorno do espectro do autismo: revisão integrativa da literatura
Palabras clave:
Transtorno Autístico. Autismo. Pós-natal. Fatores de Risco.Resumen
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir e sintetizar resultados da produção científica em inglês/espanhol/português entre 2000-2014, relacionada aos fatores pós-natais associados ao Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com buscas nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE e PubMed. Os dados extraídos foram registrados em instrumento padronizado. Identificou-se 619 artigos e 20 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão, sendo todos quantitativos e a maioria do tipo caso-controle. Os fatores com associação com o TEA foram: aspectos nutricionais (iodo e ácido docosahexaenóico); exposição ambiental (exposição a metais pesados); questões relacionadas à vacinação (reações adversas a vacinas com presença de mercúrio); doenças e complicações do recém-nascido (RN) (fenilcetonúria e níveis de bilirrubina); e infecções na criança. Os fatores pós-natais são preveníveis e modificáveis e o conhecimento desses fatores é essencial para a prevenção do TEA e para a elaboração de políticas públicas com o desenvolvimento de ações que favoreçam o diagnóstico e intervenção imediata e, consequentemente um melhor prognóstico para as pessoas com esse transtorno.
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