Vulnerabilidade as Inundações, Abordagens Metodológicas de Avaliação e Ações para a Resiliência
DOI:
10.46551/rvg2675239520242349381Palabras clave:
Inundaciones, Vulnerabilidad, ResilienciaResumen
Este artículo reflexiona sobre la vulnerabilidad ante inundaciones, sus diversos componentes, enfoques metodológicos, escalas de análisis y principales medidas para la construcción de resiliencia. El estudio se basó en una revisión teórico-conceptual como método para su elaboración. Se encontró que se utilizan cuatro enfoques principales cuando se trata de evaluar la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones, a saber: curvas de vulnerabilidad, matrices de daños, indicadores de vulnerabilidad y el enfoque basado en modelos. Estos enfoques adoptan escalas de análisis que van desde las realidades micro hasta las nacionales, incluidas las locales y regionales. La construcción de medidas que conduzcan a la resiliencia debe abordar varios dominios, incluidos el físico-ambiental, social, económico, socio conductual y político-administrativo, todos abordados de manera integrada. La principal conclusión a la que se puede llegar con este estudio es que los enfoques de evaluación de las inundaciones deben basarse siempre en el contexto en el que se producen, analizando la vulnerabilidad como una característica intrínseca de un sistema o elemento. Por otro lado, la adopción de estrategias de adaptación debe realizarse de manera holística e integrada, prestando atención a la forma en que cada factor contribuye particularmente a aumentar la vulnerabilidad en las comunidades.
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